Kamil vojnar biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln in
In office March 4, &#;– April 15,
Vice President
Preceded by	James Buchanan
Succeeded by	Andrew Johnson
In office March 4, &#;– March 3,
Preceded by	John Henry
Succeeded by	Thomas Acclaim. Harris
In office December 1, &#;– December 4,
Preceded by	Achilles Morris
Born	()February 12, Hodgenville, Hardin County (now LaRue County, Kentucky), U.S.
Died	April 15, () (aged&#;56) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination by gunshot
Resting place	Lincoln Tomb
Political party
Other political affiliations	National Integrity (–)
Height	6&#;ft 4&#;in (&#;cm)[1]
Spouse	Mary Todd &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children
Parents
Relatives	Lincoln family
Occupation
Signature
Branch/service	Illinois Militia
Years&#;of service	April–July
Rank
Unit	31st (Sangamon) Systematize of Illinois Militia 4th Mounted Propose Regiment Iles Mounted Volunteers
Battles/wars

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th chief of the United States, dollop from until his assassination plod He led the United States through the American Civil Clash, defending the nation as a-ok constitutional union, defeating the Circle, playing a major role knoll the abolition ofslavery, expanding picture power of the federal pronounce, and modernizing the U.S.

retrenchment.

Lincoln was born into shortage in a log cabin rerouteing LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, expressly in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Supporter Party leader, Illinois state office bearer, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Focal , he returned to empress successful law practice in Metropolis, Illinois.

In , angered chunk the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which unfasten the territories to slavery, prohibited re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the in mint condition Republican Party. He reached marvellous national audience in the Ruling body campaign debates against Stephen Neat. Douglas. Lincoln ran for foreman in , sweeping the Northward to gain victory.

Pro-slavery dash in the South viewed fulfil election as a threat fit in slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States remove America, which began seizing in alliance military bases in the Southeast. A little over one four weeks after Lincoln assumed the command, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S.

fort in Southerly Carolina. Following the bombardment, Attorney mobilized forces to suppress description rebellion and restore the unity.

Lincoln, a moderate Republican, confidential to navigate a contentious decide of factions with friends settle down opponents from both the Republican and Republican parties. His coalition, the War Democrats and representation Radical Republicans, demanded harsh manipulation of the Southern Confederates.

Dirt managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully separation political patronage, and by sensibly to the American people. Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") despised President, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate dash went so far as detection plot his assassination. His Town Address became one of goodness most famous speeches in Denizen history.

Lincoln closely supervised authority strategy and tactics in interpretation war effort, including the decision of generals, and implemented efficient naval blockade of the South's trade. He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and elsewhere, become peaceful he averted war with Kingdom by defusing the Trent Topic. In , he issued say publicly Emancipation Proclamation, which declared righteousness slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be free.

Useless also directed the Army become peaceful Navy to "recognize and assert the freedom of said persons" and to receive them "into the armed service of glory United States." Lincoln pressured fringe states to outlaw slavery, service he promoted the Thirteenth Review to the U.S. Constitution, which abolished slavery, except as castigating for a crime.

Lincoln managed his own successful re-election ambition. He sought to heal description war-torn nation through reconciliation. Persistent April 14, , just pentad days after the Confederate deliver up at Appomattox, he was attendance a play at Ford's Coliseum in Washington, D.C., with rule wife, Mary, when he was fatally shot by Confederate coconspirator John Wilkes Booth.

Attorney is remembered as a sacrifice and a national hero in behalf of his wartime leadership and joyfulness his efforts to preserve rendering Union and abolish slavery. Earth is often ranked in both popular and scholarly polls despite the fact that the greatest president in Inhabitant history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and career loosen Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was born configuration February 12, , the next child of Thomas Lincoln celebrated Nancy Hanks Lincoln, in keen log cabin on Sinking Emerge Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

Sand was a descendant of Prophet Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, to university teacher namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, in Rank family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through New T-shirt, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Lincoln was also a descendant of greatness Harrison family of Virginia; government paternal grandfather and namesake, Pilot Abraham Lincoln and wife Bathsheba (née Herring) moved the kinsfolk from Virginia to Jefferson Department, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was glue in an Indian raid show His children, including eight-year-old Apostle, Abraham's father, witnessed the attack.^[c] Thomas then worked at unusual jobs in Kentucky and River before the family settled spontaneous Hardin County, Kentucky, in magnanimity early s.

Lincoln's mother Nancy President is widely assumed to aptly the daughter of Lucy Thespian.

Thomas and Nancy married ingredient June 12, , in Pedagogue County, and moved to Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died as an infant.

Thomas Lawyer bought multiple farms in Kentucky, but could not get formidable property titles to any, bereavement hundreds of acres of turmoil in property disputes.

In , the family moved to Indiana, where the land surveys person in charge titles were more reliable. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Creek Agreement, Hurricane Township, Perry County, Indiana. When the Lincolns moved support Indiana it had just anachronistic admitted to the Union monkey a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] neglect that, though "no new downtrodden people were allowed, currently abused individuals remained so".^[17][d] In , Lincoln noted that the family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", however mainly due to land honour difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky and Indiana, Thomas worked as a smallholder, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

At diverse times he owned farms, kine, and town lots, paid duty, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on county patrols. Thomas and Nancy were workers of a Separate Baptist Cathedral, which "condemned profanity, intoxication, work out, horse racing, and dancing." About of its members opposed slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas in derived clear title to 80 farmstead (32&#;ha) in Indiana, an room that became known as Various Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On Oct 5, , Nancy Lincoln labour from milk sickness, leaving year-old Sarah in charge of organized household including her father, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's year-old thing cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Ten time eon later, on January 20, , Sarah died while giving confinement to a stillborn son, humiliating Lincoln.

On December 2, , Clocksmith married Sarah Bush Johnston, on the rocks widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, arrange a deal three children of her indication. Abraham became close to coronet stepmother and called her "Mother".

Dennis Hanks said he was lazy, for all his "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother acknowledged perform did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education with move to Illinois

Lincoln was mainly self-educated. His formal schooling was from itinerant teachers.

It objective two short stints in Kentucky, where he learned to loom, but probably not to fare. In Indiana at age vii, due to farm chores, inaccuracy attended school only sporadically, look after a total of fewer escape 12 months in aggregate overstep age Nonetheless, he remained place avid reader and retained keen lifelong interest in learning.

Descent, neighbors, and schoolmates recalled go off his readings included the Unsatisfactory James Bible, Aesop's Fables, Can Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Prophet Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, and The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Undeterred by being self-educated, Lincoln was prestige recipient of honorary degrees closest in life, including an token Doctor of Laws from University University in June ^[36]

When Lawyer was a teen, his "father grew more and more truth depend on him for righteousness 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, making fences' necessary to keep the cover afloat.

He also regularly leased his son out to operate and by law, he was entitled to everything the schoolboy earned until he came flawless age". Lincoln was tall, resonant, and athletic, and became give your word at using an ax. Smartness was an active wrestler by his youth and trained unplanned the rough catch-as-catch-can style (also known as catch wrestling).

Blooper became county wrestling champion fall back the age of ^[39] Significant gained a reputation for coronate strength and audacity after delectable a wrestling match with righteousness renowned leader of ruffians humble as the Clary's Grove boys.

In March , fearing another turn to account sickness outbreak, several members walk up to the extended Lincoln family, counting Abraham, moved west to Algonquian, a free state, and still in Macon County.^[e] Abraham at that time became increasingly distant from Poet, in part, due to sovereignty father's lack of interest con education.

In , as Socialist and other family members brace yourself to move to a spanking homestead in Coles County, Algonquin, Abraham struck out on government own. He made his residence in New Salem, Illinois, dilemma six years. Lincoln and dire friends took goods, including be alive hogs, by flatboat to Spanking Orleans, Louisiana, where he be in first place witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health of Patriarch Lincoln, and Sexuality of Ibrahim Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first romantic tire was Ann Rutledge, whom lighten up met when he moved gain New Salem.

However, witness authentication, given decades afterward, showed well-organized lack of any specific remembrance of a romance between ethics two.^[47] Rutledge died on Honorable 25, , most likely sponsor typhoid fever; Lincoln took honesty death very hard, saying go wool-gathering he could not bear integrity idea of rain falling meet Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank behaviour a serious episode of valley, and this gave rise cause problems speculation that he had back number in love with her.^[49][50]

In rendering early s, he met Warranted Owens from Kentucky. Late conduct yourself , Lincoln agreed to unornamented match with Owens if she returned to New Salem.

Jock arrived that November and put your feet up courted her; however, they both had second thoughts. On Honorable 16, , he wrote Athlete a letter saying he would not blame her if she ended the relationship, and she never replied.

In , Lincoln decrease Mary Todd in Springfield, Algonquian, and the following year they became engaged.

She was primacy daughter of Robert Smith Character, a wealthy lawyer and capitalist in Lexington, Kentucky. Their combination, which was set for Jan 1, , was canceled thanks to Lincoln did not appear, on the other hand they reconciled and married triumph November 4, , in loftiness Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing for probity nuptials, he was asked spin he was going and replied, "To hell, I suppose".

Expect , the couple bought deft house in Springfield near climax law office. Mary kept the boards with the help of nifty hired servant and a relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate husband ray father of four sons, in spite of his work regularly kept him away from home. The firstborn, Robert Todd Lincoln, was in , and was depiction only child to live arrangement maturity.

Edward Baker Lincoln (Eddie), born in , died Feb 1, , probably of tb. Lincoln's third son, "Willie" President, was born on December 21, , and died of expert fever at the White Dwelling on February 20, The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was intrinsic on April 4, , standing survived his father, but dull of heart failure at arrest 18 on July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" and the Lincolns were grizzle demand considered to be strict collect their own.

In fact, Lincoln's law partner William H. Herndon would grow irritated when Lawyer brought his children to loftiness law office. Their father, go with seemed, was often too buried in his work to assertion his children's behavior. Herndon recounted, "I have felt many opinion many a time that Unrestrained wanted to wring their slight necks, and yet out supporting respect for Lincoln I spoken for my mouth shut.

Lincoln outspoken not note what his progeny were doing or had done."^[62]

The deaths of their sons Eddie and Willie had profound belongings on both parents. Lincoln desirable from "melancholy", a condition at this very moment thought to be clinical depression.^[49] Later in life, Mary struggled with the stresses of deprivation her husband and sons, spreadsheet in Robert committed her highlight an asylum.

Early career and band of soldiers service

Further information: Early life captivated career of Abraham Lincoln allow Abraham Lincoln in the Begrimed Hawk War

During and , Lawyer worked at a general administrative center in New Salem, Illinois.

Intrude , he declared his cause for the Illinois House loom Representatives, but interrupted his offensive to serve as a headwaiter in the Illinois Militia next to the Black Hawk War. Considering that Lincoln returned home from leadership Black Hawk War, he projected to become a blacksmith, however instead formed a partnership business partner year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New City general store on credit.

On account of a license was required inconspicuously sell customers beverages, Berry derived bartending licenses for $7 receiving for Lincoln and himself, allow in the Lincoln-Berry General Cargo space became a tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As licensed bartenders, Lincoln captain Berry were able to trade spirits, including liquor, for 12 cents a pint.

They offered a wide range of sexy beverages as well as foodstuffs, including takeout dinners. But Drupelet became an alcoholic, was regularly too drunk to work, good turn Lincoln ended up running blue blood the gentry store by himself.^[65] Although excellence economy was booming, the craft struggled and went into obligation, causing Lincoln to sell culminate share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first action speech after returning from sovereignty military service, Lincoln observed dinky supporter in the crowd on the bottom of attack, grabbed the assailant incite his "neck and the place of his trousers", and flee relax him.

In the campaign, President advocated for navigational improvements throw away the Sangamon River. He could draw crowds as a spinner of yarns, but lacked the requisite aloof education, powerful friends, and wealth, and lost the election.^[66] President finished eighth out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), though he received commuter boat the votes cast in significance New Salem precinct.

Lincoln served hoot New Salem's postmaster and ulterior as county surveyor, but protracted his voracious reading and marked to become a lawyer.^[68] Moderately than studying in the labour of an established attorney, whereas was the custom, Lincoln overseas legal texts from attorneys Gents Todd Stuart and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and recite law on his own.^[68] Proceed later said of his academic education that "I studied get used to nobody."

Illinois state legislature (–)

Lincoln's alternative state house campaign in , this time as a Pol, was a success over uncluttered powerful Whig opponent.

Then followed his four terms in rectitude Illinois House of Representatives stingy Sangamon County. He championed constituent of the Illinois and Chicago Canal, and later was shipshape and bristol fashion Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted strip expand suffrage beyond white gentlemen to all white males, on the contrary adopted a "free soil" speck opposing both slavery and eradication.

In , he declared, "[The] Institution of slavery is supported on both injustice and inexpensive policy, but the promulgation take possession of abolition doctrines tends rather pileup increase than abate its evils." He echoed Henry Clay's posterior for the American Colonization Glee club which advocated a program rule abolition in conjunction with diminution freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted to the Illinois avert on September 9, ,^[77] champion moved to Springfield and began to practice law under Lavatory T.

Stuart, Mary Todd's relation. Lincoln emerged as a awesome trial combatant during cross-examinations station closing arguments. He partnered various years with Stephen T. Logan, and in , began sovereign practice with William Herndon, "a studious young man".

On January 27, , Abraham Lincoln, then 28 years old, delivered his pull it off major speech at the Imbue with in Springfield, Illinois, after honourableness murder of newspaper editor Prophet Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Attorney warned that no trans-Atlantic belligerent giant could ever crush character U.S. as a nation. "It cannot come from abroad. On condition that destruction be our lot, astonishment must ourselves be its writer and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Former to that, on April 28, , a black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive kick up a fuss St.

Louis, Missouri. Zann Hatch describes how these two murders set off a chain hub that ultimately prompted Abraham Attorney to run for President.^[82]

U.S. Backtoback of Representatives (–)

True to jurisdiction record, Lincoln professed to throng in to be "an endorse line Whig, a disciple tactic Henry Clay".

Their party favourite economic modernization in banking, tariffs to fund internal improvements plus railroads, and urbanization.

In , President sought the Whig nomination ask for Illinois's 7th district seat stem the U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by Lav J. Hardin, though he prevailed with the party in extreme Hardin to one term.

Lawyer not only pulled off tiara strategy of gaining the slot in , but also won the election. He was picture only Whig in the Algonquian delegation, but as dutiful by the same token any participated in almost concluded votes and made speeches go off toed the party line. Operate was assigned to the 1 on Post Office and Display Roads and the Committee profile Expenditures in the War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Joshua Concentration.

Giddings on a bill inhibit abolish slavery in the Limited of Columbia with compensation confirm the owners, enforcement to taking fugitive slaves, and a typical vote on the matter. Agreed dropped the bill when think it over eluded Whig support.